An ethical review of the impacts of artificial intelligence in distance education
Keywords:
artificial intelligence, distance education, privacy and data protection, algorithmic bias, personalizationAbstract
Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Distance Education (DE) is rapidly transforming educational paradigms, raising ethical questions and contradictions that demand systematic analysis. Although previous research has addressed specific aspects of the ethical implications of AI in education, there is still a lack of comprehensive understanding of the dimensions involved. This study conducted a systematic review of 90 academic publications between 2018 and 2024 was carried out in order to map and categorize the main ethical dimensions of AI in DE. From this set of productions, we examined the temporal evolution of ethical concerns and their inter-relations in the field. Seven ethical dimensions were identified with varying prevalence: privacy and data protection (34.4%), algorithmic bias (25.6%), personalization (22.2%), equity and access (21.1%), academic integrity (15.6%), transparency (10%), and co-responsibility (7.8%). The results show a change in the ethical discourse, with an expressive increase in publications - from five articles before 2020 to thirty-five in 2023, reflecting a theoretical transition to the challenges of praxis. By addressing the ethical implications of AI in DE, the study provides relevant inputs for educational policy makers, technology developers and educators, proposing practical guidelines for the ethical qualification of AI in virtual learning environments.
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