Breves considerações sobre racismo e dignidade humana em Kant
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https://doi.org/10.18764/2966-1196v2n2e28360Palabras clave:
Kant, racismo, dignidade humana, razãoResumen
O artigo analisa criticamente a relação entre o pensamento racista de Kant e sua filosofia moral universalista, discutindo se há ou não contradição entre ambos. Kant, de fato, sustentou ideias racistas empíricas, defendendo a existência de raças humanas hierarquizadas e atribuindo superioridade à raça branca, com base em concepções lamarckianas e eurocêntricas de seu tempo. Ainda que suas afirmações sejam eticamente inaceitáveis, elas não implicam uma negação da dignidade moral universal dos seres humanos que fundamenta sua filosofia prática. Pode-se distinguir entre o “racismo empírico” de Kant, referente a talentos e temperamentos, e seu “humanismo transcendental”, segundo o qual todo ser humano, por possuir faculdade racional, é uma pessoa e tem dignidade inalienável, independente de raça, gênero, idade ou condição mental. Assim, embora Kant tenha ex-pressado preconceitos raciais (sobretudo em suas lições de geografia e antropologia), sua ética transcendental permanece coerente e antirracista em princípio, pois o imperativo ca-tegórico exige tratar toda humanidade como fim em si mesma. É legítimo condenar moralmente o racismo de Kant, mas é inadequado descartar sua filosofia por causa disso. Seu pensamento foi profundamente benéfico em fomentar o reconhecimento universal e incondicional da dignidade humana, a abolição da escravidão, o fim do colonialismo, o es-tado direito, o republicanismo e muitas outras conquistas dos últimos 200 anos.
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