BIOLOGIA REPRODUTIVA DE Neomarica northiana (SCHNEEV) SPRAGUE (IRIDACEAE): “MERANTHIA” - UM CASO ESPECIAL DE POLINIZAÇÃO = REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY OF Neomarica northiana (SCHNEEV) SPRAGUE (IRIDACEAE)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18764/1981-6421e2021.8Keywords:
biologia floral, polinização, sistema de reprodução, meranthia, abelhas = Keywords, floral biology, breeding system, beesAbstract
Este trabalho teve como objetivo estudar a biologia reprodutiva de Neomarica northiana (Schneev) Sprague (Iridaceae), erva perene que ocorre nas restingas do estado do Rio de Janeiro. A flor desta espécie apresenta três unidades funcionais de polinização denominada “meranthia”. O recurso floral oferecido aos polinizadores é a substância lipídica exsudada na base das tépalas. Análise de cromotografia gasosa das tépalas indicou a presença de limoneno. As flores de N. northiana são polinizadas exclusivamente por abelhas poliléticas de grande porte, Xylocopa sp.. Neomarica northiana é autocompatível. A produção de frutos por polinização natural foi maior do que a produção por polinização manual cruzada. A taxa de fecundidade é de 0,47. Neomarica northiana apresenta crescimento clonal que pode ocorrer de duas formas distintas, por meio do caule rizomatoso e por meio de bulbilhos formados na axila das brácteas.
Abstract
The objective of this research was to evaluate the reproductive biology of Neomarica northiana (Iridaceae), a perennial herb that occurs in the Atlantic Coast restingas (humid subtropical broadleaf forest) of the state of Rio de Janeiro. Each flower of this species has three functional pollinating units called “meranthia”. The main floral resource provided to bees by Neomarica northiana is a lipid substance exuded at the base of the tepals. Gas-chromatographic analysis of tepal samples revealed the presence of limonene. Flowers of N. northiana are pollinated exclusively by large bodied species of bees (Xylocopa sp.). Fruit production from natural pollination is higher than from manual pollination. The fecundity rate is 0.47. Neomarica northiana has clonal growth, which may occur by means of the rhizomatous stem, which produces offshoots close to one another; or by means of axillary bulbils.
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