Patterns of co-occurrence between Psittacanthus robustus (Mart.) Mart. and their hosts and dispersers in South America
Keywords:
Mistletoe species, Joint species distribution models, VochysiaceaeAbstract
Mistletoe species are a key resource in many ecosystems, and as such, they are responsible for a complex network of biotic interactions. Many species have specific hosts and dispersers, such as Psittacanthus robustus. In this study, we assessed co-occurrence patterns between the hemiparasite P. robustus and known host and disperser species in South America. Using species occurrence data and environmental variables, co-occurrence was evaluated through joint species distribution models. The distribution of plant and bird species was primarily influenced by predictors associated with precipitation. P. robustus and host tree species are found together more often than expected by chance. In contrast, no co-occurrence patterns were observed between P. robustus and disperser birds. Thus, the spatial distribution of P. robustus is influenced solely by the presence of host trees, highlighting a certain degree of specificity of mistletoe in infected hosts. Joint species distribution modelling is an excellent tool for assessing species associations in geographic space.
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