EVIDENCE OF DYSTOCIA IN A FREE-RANGING COWNOSE RAY Rhinoptera bonasus (ELASMOBRANCHII, RHINOPTERIDAE)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18764/1981-6421e2020.13Palavras-chave:
Capture stress, Neonatal mortality, Myliobatiformes, Population recruitmentResumo
Capture and handling can have sublethal consequences on elasmobranchs, even when individuals are quickly released to comply with legislation or fishermen's ethics on voluntary conservation. Dystocia is characterized by the physical inability to deliver the neonate, even when it is ready for birth. So far, this phenomenon has been reported only in cownose rays kept under human care. The present study aimed to report the occurrence of dystocia in a free-living cownose ray (Rhinoptera bonasus), possibly caused by capture stress. Allied to other sublethal effects, dystocia can compromise population recruitment and increase post-capture mortality, especially for older females. Still, considering that this phenomenon was observed and described only in captivity, reports of occurrence in the wild are essential to increase knowledge on the topic and adapt protocols used in captivity for free-ranging animals, as a way to reduce the negative impacts of dystocia.
Evidência de distocia na raia cachorro Rhinoptera bonasus (Elasmobranchii,
Rhinopteridae) de vida livre
RESUMO
Evidência de distocia na raia cachorro Rhinoptera bonasus (Elasmobranchii,
Rhinopteridae) de vida livre A captura e o manejo podem ter consequências subletais em elasmobrânquios, mesmo quando os indivíduos são rapidamente liberados para cumprir com a legislação ou a ética do pescador na
conservação voluntária. Distocia é caracterizada pela incapacidade física de parir o feto, mesmo quando este está pronto para o nascimento. Até o momento, este fenômeno foi relatado apenas em raias-ticonha mantidas sob cuidados humanos. O presente estudo teve como objetivo reportar a ocorrência da distocia em uma raia-ticonha (Rhinoptera bonasus) de vida livre, possivelmente causada pelo estresse da captura. Aliada a outros efeitos subletais, a distocia pode aumentar a mortalidade pós-captura e com isso comprometer o recrutamento populacional, em especial para fêmeas mais idosas. Ainda, considerando que este fenômeno foi observado e descrito apenas em cativeiro, relatos de ocorrência na natureza são de extrema importância de forma a aumentar o
conhecimento acerca do tema e adaptar os protocolos utilizados em cativeiro para animais de vida livre, como uma forma de reduzir os impactos negativos impostos pela distocia.
Palavras-chave: Estresse de captura; Mortalidade neonatal; Myliobatiformes; Recrutamento populacional.
Downloads
Referências
ADAMS, K. R., FETTERPLACE, L. C., DAVIS, A. R., TAYLOR, M. D. & KNOTT, N. A. 2018. Sharks, rays and abortion: the prevalence of capture-induced parturition in elasmobranchs. Biol. Conserv., 217: 11-27.
BARKER, A. S. 2006. Rhinoptera bonasus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2006, e.T60128A12310195.
BORNATOWSKI, H. & ABILHOA, V. 2012. Tubarões e raias capturados pela pesca artesanal no Paraná: guia de identificação. Curitiba: Hori Consultoria Ambiental. 134 p.
CAVALCANTE, D. G., GALLO, H., De SOUSA, O. M., AZEVEDO, V. G. & SANCHES, E. G. 2016. Aspectos da reprodução e primeiro registro de distocia em Raia-Ticonha (Rhinoptera bonasus). Bol. Inst. Pesca, 42(3): 710-718.
EVANS, D. H., PIERMARINI, P. M. & CHOE, K. P. 2004. Homeostasis: osmoregulation, pH regulation, and nitrogen excretion. In: CARRIER, J. C., MUSICK, J. A. & HEITHAUS, M. R. (eds). Biology of Sharks and their Relatives. USA: CRC Press. 572 p.
FISHER, R. A., CALL, G. C. & GRUBBS, R. D. 2013. Age, growth, and reproductive biology of Cownose rays in Chesapeake Bay. Mar.Coast. Fish., 5(1): 224-235.
GEORGE, R. H., STEEIL, J. & BAINE, K. 2017. Diagnosis and treatment of common reproductive problems in elasmobranchs. In: Smith, M., Warmolts, D., Thoney, D., Hueter, R., MURRAY, M. & EZCURRA, J. (eds). The Elasmobranch Husbandry Manual II: Recent Advances in the Care of Sharks, Rays and Their Relatives. Columbus: Ohio Biological Survey. 497 p.
HENNINGSEN, A. D., SMALE, M., GARNER, R. & KINNUNEN, N. 2004. Reproduction, embryonic development, and reproductive physiology of elasmobranchs. In: SMITH, M., WARMOLTS, D., THONEY, D. & HUETER, R. (eds). The elasmobranch husbandry manual: captive care of sharks, rays and their relatives. Columbus: Ohio Biological Survey. 585 p.
JUNG-SCHROERS, V., HELLMANN, J., STEINHAGEN, D. 2015. Birth Complications and Cesarean Section in a Blacktip Reef Shark (Carcharhinus melanopterus). Austin Journal of Veterinary Science & Animal Husbandry, 2(3): 1017.
MAHON, J., CHUA, F. & NEWMAN, P. 2001. Successful spotted Eagle Ray (Aetobatis narinari) breeding program and details of an assisted birth. Drum and Croaker Special Edition, 2: 104-107.
MCEACHRAN J. & CARVALHO, M. 2002. Batoid fishes. In: CARPENTER, K. E. & DE ANGELIS, N. (eds). The Living Marine Resources of the Western Central Atlantic. Rome: Food and agriculture organization of the United Nations. 600p.
MINISTÉRIO DO MEIO AMBIENTE – MMA .2014. Portaria n. 445, de 17 de dezembro de 2014. Diário Oficial da União, 1: 110-121.
NEER, J. A. & THOMPSON, B.A. 2005. Life history of the Cownose ray, Rhinoptera bonasus, in the northern Gulf of Mexico, with comments on geographic variability in life history traits. Envr. Biol. Fish., 73(3): 321-331.
NOAKES, D. E., PARKINSON, T. J., ENGLAND, G. C. W. & ARTHUR, G.H. 2001. Arthur’s veterinary reproduction and obstetrics. London: Saunders Elsevier. 844 p.
SHELDON, J. D., ALLENDER, M. C., GEORGE, R. H., BULMAN, F. & ABNEY, K. 2018. Reproductive hormone patterns in male and female cownose rays (Rhinoptera bonasus) in an aquarium setting and correlation to ultrasonographic staging. J.Zoo Wildlife Med., 49(3): 638-647.
SHIFFMAN, D. S. & HAMMERSCHLAG, N. 2016. Shark conservation and management policy: a review and primer for non‐specialists. Anim. Conserv., 19(5): 401-412.
SKOMAL, G. B. & MANDELMAN, J. W. 2012. The physiological response to anthropogenic stressors in marine elasmobranch fishes: a review with a focus on the secondary response. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A, 162(2): 146-155.
STEDMAN, N. L. & GARNER, M. M. 2018. Chondrichthyes. In: TERIO, K., MCALOOSE, D. & LEGER, J.S. (eds.). Pathology of Wildlife and Zoo Animals. Cambridge: Academic Press Elsevier. 1136 p.
WORM, B., DAVIS, B., KETTEMER, L., WARD-PAIGE, C. A., CHAPMAN, D., HEITHAUS, M. R., KESSEL, S. T. & GRUBER, S. H. 2013. Global catches, exploitation rates, and rebuilding options for sharks. Mar. Policy, 40: 194-204.
WOSNICK, N., AWRUCH, C. A., ADAMS, K. R., GUTIERRE, S. M. M., BORNATOWSKI, H., PRADO, A. C. & FREIRE, C. A. 2018a. Impacts of fisheries on elasmobranch reproduction: high rates of abortion and subsequent maternal mortality in the shortnose guitarfish. Anim. Conserv. 22(2): 198-206.
WOSNICK, N., ADAMS, K. R. & FREIRE, C. A. 2018b. Ultrasonography as a promising methodology to indicate captured‐induced abortion in viviparous elasmobranchs. J.Fish biol., 93(6): 1033-1037.
WOURMS J. P. 1981. Viviparity: the maternal-fetal relationship in fishes. Am. Zoo., 21(2): 473-515.
